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Switch Case Statement
When a value requires different actions for a fixed set of values, the if might get more complex, the more the set of values increases. In this case the more suitable statement is the switch statement.
Syntax
switch ([onvar]) {
case [option]:
[statement;]
break;
…
default:
[statement;]
}
The terms in square brackets are detailed in the following list.
-
[onvar] is the variable that is tested against the case statements to select a statement. It can be of any primitive type, enumerations and starting with Java 7, String. Clearly the switch statement is not limited by conditions evaluated to boolean results, which allows for a lot of flexibility.
-
case [option] is a value the variable is matched upon to make a decision regarding the statement to execute. A case as the keyword states.
-
[statement] is a statement or a groups of statements to execute when [onvar] == [option]. Considering that there is no else branch, we have to make sure that only the statement(s) corresponding to the first match is executed, which is where the break; statement comes in. The break statement stops the current execution path and moves the execution point to the next statement outside the statement that contains it. I’ll cover it later in the chapter. Without it, after the first match, all subsequent cases are traversed, and statements corresponding to them are executed.
-
default [statement;] is a statement that is executed when no match on a case has been found, the default case does not need a break statement. If the previous program is run with any number outside the [1-12] interval, Error is printed because the default statement is executed.
So, if we execute the preceding program and we provide number 7 as an argument, the text Summer is printed. But if the break statements for case 7 and 8 are commented, the output changes to Autumn.
Now that you understand how switch works, let’s look at how we can reduce the previous statement. The month example is suitable here, because it can further be modified to show how the switch statement can be simplified, when a single statement should be executed for multiple cases. In our code, writing each assignment statement three times is a little redundant. switch can be written in a different way to avoid that by grouping the cases.
Example
public class SwitchExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Declaring a variable for switch expression
int number=200;
//Switch expression
switch(number){
//Case statements
case 100: System.out.println(“100”);
break;
case 200: System.out.println(“200”);
break;
case 300: System.out.println(“300”);
break;
//Default case statement
default:System.out.println(“Not in 100, 200 or 300”);
}
}
}
Output
200
Flowchart of Switch Statement
Break statement in Switch case
In Switch case Break statement is optional, but most of the time it is use when we compromise with switch case.
Example
public class SwitchDayExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int day=7;
String dayString=””;
switch(day){
case 1: dayString=”1 – Monday”;
break;
case 2: dayString=”2 – Teusday”;
break;
case 3: dayString=”3 – Wednesday”;
break;
case 4: dayString=”4 – Thursday”;
break;
case 5: dayString=”5 – Friday”;
break;
case 6: dayString=”6 – Saturday”;
break;
case 7: dayString=”7 – Sunday”;
break;
default:System.out.println(“Sunday close”);
}
System.out.println(dayString);
}
}
Output
7 – Sunday
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